Understanding Knee Arthritis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options
Knee arthritis is one of the most common causes of joint pain and stiffness, especially among older adults. It can make everyday activities like walking, climbing stairs, or even standing for long periods uncomfortable or difficult.
If you’re starting to notice persistent discomfort in your knees, understanding the signs of arthritis and knowing what treatment options are available can help you manage symptoms and maintain a good quality of life.
What Is Knee Arthritis?
Knee arthritis occurs when the protective cartilage in the knee joint wears down over time. This cartilage normally cushions the bones, allowing them to move smoothly. When it wears away, bones may rub against each other, causing pain, inflammation, and stiffness.
There are several types of arthritis that can affect the knees, but the most common is osteoarthritis—a degenerative joint disease that typically develops with age or from joint overuse.
Common Symptoms of Knee Arthritis
Symptoms may begin gradually and worsen over time. Common signs include:
- Pain during or after movement: Especially when walking, bending, or climbing stairs
- Stiffness in the joint: Often noticeable in the morning or after sitting
- Swelling or tenderness: Caused by inflammation in the joint
- Reduced range of motion: Difficulty fully bending or straightening the knee
- Grinding or clicking sensation: As cartilage wears away, the bones may rub together
- Weakness or instability: The joint may feel like it’s giving out or locking up
Symptoms can vary based on the type and severity of the arthritis, and they may affect one or both knees.
What Causes Knee Arthritis?
While aging is a common factor, other causes and risk factors include:
- Previous joint injuries
- Repetitive stress on the joint (from certain jobs or sports)
- Genetics
- Obesity (extra weight adds stress to the joints)
- Autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis
Treatment Options for Knee Arthritis
There’s no cure for arthritis, but many treatments can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the condition.
1. Lifestyle Modifications
- Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce joint stress
- Low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling to build strength
- Avoiding repetitive activities that worsen pain
2. Physical Therapy
A therapist can teach stretches and strengthening exercises to support the knee joint and improve flexibility.
3. Medications
- Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or NSAIDs
- Prescription medications for inflammation or immune modulation
- Always talk to a healthcare provider before starting any medication.
4. Support Devices
Braces, shoe inserts, or assistive devices like canes can reduce strain on the knee.
5. Injections
Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections may provide temporary relief for pain and inflammation.
6. Surgical Options
For severe cases, joint repair or knee replacement surgery may be recommended if other treatments aren’t effective.
When to See a Doctor
If knee pain is interfering with your daily life, or if you’re unsure whether your symptoms are due to arthritis, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider. They can diagnose the type of arthritis through imaging and physical exams and help you choose a personalized treatment plan.
Final Thoughts
Knee arthritis is a common condition, but with the right approach, many people are able to manage symptoms and continue leading active lives. Whether you’re experiencing early signs like mild stiffness or more advanced discomfort, a combination of lifestyle changes and medical care can make a significant difference.
If you're concerned about joint health or want to explore treatment options, don’t hesitate to reach out to a qualified medical professional.