8 Most Effective Treatments for Macular Degeneration + 5 New Ones to Watch
Macular degeneration, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is one of the leading causes of vision loss in older adults. As research progresses, both tried-and-true treatments and groundbreaking therapies are helping people manage and slow the progression of this sight-stealing condition.
This guide will walk you through the eight most effective treatments available today and five emerging options—starting with a surprising one that’s gaining attention for its innovation.
Top 8 Most Effective Treatments for Macular Degeneration
These proven treatments are commonly used to manage both dry and wet forms of AMD:
- Anti-VEGF Injections (e.g., Eylea, Lucentis, Avastin)
- These injections block abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina. They are the gold standard for treating wet AMD and have helped millions maintain their vision.
- AREDS2 Formula Supplements
- A combination of vitamins and minerals (including lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc, and vitamin C) shown to reduce the risk of advanced AMD progression in certain patients with dry AMD.
- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
- This two-step procedure uses a light-sensitive drug and laser to target abnormal blood vessels in the retina. It's typically used for specific cases of wet AMD.
- Laser Therapy
- High-energy lasers are used to seal leaking blood vessels in the retina, particularly in cases not suitable for anti-VEGF treatment.
- Low Vision Aids
- While not a cure, magnifying devices and specialized technology can greatly enhance quality of life for people with vision loss.
- Lifestyle and Diet Adjustments
- Eating leafy greens, omega-3s, and avoiding smoking can significantly support eye health and slow AMD progression.
- Retinal Implants (e.g., Argus II)
- These advanced devices are surgically implanted to restore partial vision in late-stage AMD and are primarily used in clinical trials.
- Gene Therapy (in development)
- Although not widely available yet, gene therapy aims to correct faulty genes associated with AMD, potentially offering long-term protection against vision loss.
5 New Treatments for Macular Degeneration (Including a Surprising One)
- Light Therapy (Surprising & Emerging)
- Also known as photobiomodulation, this therapy uses low-level red and near-infrared light to stimulate retinal cells and reduce inflammation. It’s non-invasive and may help slow the progression of dry AMD. Clinical studies show promise with minimal side effects, making it a surprising contender for future mainstream use.
- Faricimab (Vabysmo)
- A newly FDA-approved injectable treatment for wet AMD. Faricimab targets two disease pathways (VEGF and Ang-2), allowing for less frequent injections than older anti-VEGF treatments.
- Complement Inhibitors (e.g., Pegcetacoplan)
- Targeting the complement system—a part of the immune response—these injections are being developed to treat geographic atrophy, a form of advanced dry AMD.
- Port Delivery Systems (PDS)
- A refillable implant that slowly releases anti-VEGF medication over several months, reducing the need for frequent injections.
- Stem Cell Therapy
- Experimental trials are underway to replace damaged retinal cells using stem cells. While still in development, this holds incredible potential for regenerative treatment.
Conclusion
Macular degeneration may be a chronic condition, but today’s treatments—and those on the horizon—offer more hope than ever. Whether you're managing dry or wet AMD, working with a retina specialist and staying informed about the latest options can make a significant difference in preserving your vision and quality of life. As research advances, innovative therapies like light therapy and complement inhibitors are expanding the possibilities for treatment and independence.